The wheel loader machine excavation and loading and unloading operations are achieved through the movement of its working device. Today, I will tell you about the driving and operating essentials of the loader. I hope you like it.
1. Starting
(I) Steps
1. Raise the boom and turn the bucket upward so that the lower hinge point of the boom is 40 to 50 cm off the ground.
2. Hold the steering wheel with your right hand and put the gear lever in the desired gear with your left hand.
3. Observe the surrounding conditions of the machine and honk the horn.
4. Release the handbrake lever.
5. Gradually step on the accelerator pedal to start the loader smoothly
(II) Loader operation essentials
When starting, listen to the engine sound. If the speed drops, continue to step on the accelerator pedal to increase the engine speed for easier starting
2. Shifting
(I) Steps
1. Shifting
(1) Gradually increase the throttle to increase the vehicle speed to a certain extent.
(2) While quickly releasing the accelerator pedal, put the gear lever in the high gear position.
2. Downshift
(1) Release the accelerator pedal to reduce the driving speed.
(2) Put the gear lever in the low gear position and step on the accelerator pedal at the same time.
The loader should stop when switching between forward and reverse gears.
(II) Operating instructions
Be sure to accelerate before upshifting, and shift gears quickly after releasing the accelerator pedal. In addition to slowing down the engine before downshifting, you can also use the foot brake to slow down. When upshifting or downshifting, you should look forward and maintain a correct driving posture. Do not look down at the gear lever: At the same time, you must control the steering wheel well. Do not let the loader deviate due to gear shifting to prevent accidents.
III. Steering
(I) Steps
1. Hold the steering wheel with one hand and turn on the turn signal switch with the other hand.
2. Hold the steering wheel with both hands and operate the steering wheel to correct the driving direction according to driving needs.
3. Turn off the turn signal switch.
(II) Operating instructions
1. Before turning, reduce the driving speed according to the road conditions and shift into a low gear if necessary.
2. When correcting the driving direction while driving in a straight line, you should turn the steering wheel slightly and turn it back in time. Do not turn it back suddenly, which will cause the loader to drive in a "dragon-shaped" way. When turning, according to the curvature of the road, turn the steering wheel a lot to make the front wheels drive along the curve. When the front wheel approaches the new direction, it starts to turn back. The speed of the turning wheel should be suitable for the needs of the curve.
3. The turn signal switch should be used correctly to prevent it from being turned on but not off.
IV. Braking
The braking method can be divided into predictive braking and emergency braking. The operator should choose it correctly during driving to ensure driving safety.
(I) Predictive braking
When the small articulating loader is driving, the operator takes deceleration or parking measures for changes in the terrain, pedestrians, vehicles and other traffic conditions that have been discovered, or foresee possible complex situations. This is called predictive braking. Predictive braking can not only ensure driving safety, but also avoid damage to machine parts and tires. Therefore, this is the best and most frequently used braking method.
There are two methods of predictive braking operation:
1. Deceleration braking: It is mainly used to reduce the engine speed to limit the driving speed of the loader when the gear lever is in the working position. It is generally used before parking, before shifting down gear, downhill and passing through uneven areas. The method is: after discovering the situation, first release the accelerator pedal, use the engine low speed to restrain the driving speed, slow down the loader, and continuously or intermittently step on the brake pedal according to the situation to further reduce the speed of the loader.
2. Parking brake: used when parking. The method is: release the accelerator pedal, when the loader's driving speed is reduced to a certain extent, step on the clutch pedal, and step on the brake pedal lightly at the same time to make the loader stop smoothly.
(ii) Emergency braking
When the loader encounters an emergency during driving, the operator quickly uses the brakes to stop the loader in the shortest distance to avoid accidents. This is called emergency braking. Emergency braking can cause great damage to the parts and tires of the loader, and often due to the inconsistent braking torque of the left and right wheels, or the difference in adhesion between the left and right wheels and the road surface, the loader will "run off" and "slip" and lose directional control. Therefore, emergency braking can only be used when it is necessary. The operation method is: hold the steering wheel firmly, quickly release the door pedal, step on the brake pedal hard, and at the same time tighten the handbrake lever to give full play to the maximum braking force of the brake to stop the loader immediately. When the loader uses emergency braking, the wheels must be locked. At this time, the rear wheels often slip, causing the loader to rotate violently and vibrate. In severe cases, the loader can turn around, especially on roads with poor adhesion (such as ice and snow, muddy roads, etc.), which is more common and obvious. In order to prevent and reduce the side slip of the rear wheels, the loader training said that the following measures can be taken: 1. Use the "interval braking" operation method to make the wheels as non-locked or less locked as possible. The specific operation method is: use the left foot to step on the brake pedal with the greatest force, and try to brake and lock the wheel in a short time; at the moment of starting to lock, immediately reduce the force on the pedal (do not completely release the brake pedal) to prevent the wheel from locking or skidding; then, step on the brake pedal hard, try to lock the wheel in a short time and then reduce the force on the pedal. Repeating this operation can enable the loader to obtain a better braking effect and reduce skidding.
2. When skidding is found, stop braking immediately; and turn the steering wheel in the direction of wheel skidding. When the position of the loader is adjusted, turn the steering wheel smoothly to the normal driving position.
5. Parking
1. Release the accelerator pedal to slow down the loader.
2. Step on the brake pedal according to the parking distance to stop the loader at the designated location.
3. Put the gear lever in neutral.
4. Pull the handbrake lever to the braking position.
5. Lower the boom to place the bucket on the ground.
VI. Reversing
Reversing should be done after the loader has completely stopped. The starting, steering and braking methods for reversing are the same as those for forwarding.
(I) Driving posture
When reversing, observe the situation behind the machine in time. The following postures can be used:
1. Watching the reversing from the rear window: Hold the upper edge of the steering wheel with your left hand to control the direction, turn your upper body to the right, tilt your lower body slightly, lean your right arm on the backrest, turn your head, and look at the target behind you.
2. Watching the rearview mirror when reversing: This is an indirect way to look at the target, that is, observe the distance between the rear end of the vehicle and the target in the rearview mirror to determine how much the steering wheel is turned. It is generally used when rearview observation is inconvenient.
(II) Target selection
Watching the reversing from the rear window, you can choose the garage door, the building or trees near the site and the parking position as the target, look at the center or two corners of the rear end, and reverse.
(III) Operational essentials
When reversing, you should first observe the surrounding terrain, vehicles, and pedestrians. If necessary, get off the car to check, send a reversing signal, and honk to warn pedestrians; then, shift into reverse gear and use the forward start method to reverse. When reversing, do not drive too fast, keep the pedal steady, and do not speed up or slow down suddenly to prevent stalling or reversing too hard and causing accidents.
When reversing, if you want to turn the rear of the car to the left, the steering wheel should also turn to the left; otherwise, turn to the right. Turn more quickly in a hurry, turn less slowly in a bend. You must master the operating essentials of "slow driving, fast steering". Because the driving radius of the outer front wheel track is larger than that of the rear wheel when reversing and turning, therefore, under the premise of taking care of the direction, the loader training reminds you to pay special attention to whether the front outer wheel and the working device are scratching other objects or obstacles.